FINRA has fined UBS $2.5 million for Reg SHO violations and supervisory failures spanning a period of nine years.
The US regulator found that, from 2009 to 2018, UBS did not timely close out at least 5,300 failure to deliver positions and routed or executed more than 73,000 short sales in securities with an unsatisfied close-out requirement without first borrowing or arranging to borrow the shares.
Jessica Hopper, Executive Vice President and Head of FINRA’s Department of Enforcement, said: “The short sale obligations imposed by Reg SHO afford critical protection to the markets and investors. Effective supervision focuses on every stage of a firm’s Rule 204 compliance and includes testing to confirm that systems and programming operate as intended, without unplanned consequences.”
Reg SHO restricts abusive “naked” short selling
Reg SHO addresses persistent failures to deliver and potentially abusive “naked” short selling (the sale of securities that an investor does not own or has not borrowed).
The rule requires firms to take affirmative action to close out “failure to deliver” positions resulting from short sales in equity securities by borrowing or purchasing the securities by the beginning of regular trading hours the day after the settlement date.
Limit orders or other delayed orders do not satisfy the close-out requirement. When a firm does not close out a failure to deliver, the rule prohibits the firm from accepting additional short sale orders in the security without first borrowing or arranging to borrow the security (commonly known as the “penalty box”).
UBS’s VWAP algo routed certain buy-in orders as limit orders
According to FINRA, UBS violated Rule 204 of Reg SHO by:
- Using revocable volume weighted average price (VWAP) transactions or limit orders to address buy-in obligations for failures to deliver;
- Considering shares released from segregation in connection with customer long sales available to close out a failure to deliver; and
- Certain order management systems not always restricting short sales in securities with an unsatisfied close-out requirement.
FINRA found that, from 2009 to August 2022, UBS’s supervisory systems were not reasonably designed to achieve compliance with the requirements of Rule 204 of Reg SHO. The bank failed to identify its improper treatment of shares associated with a customer long sale.
UBS also failed to detect red flags present in the firm’s books and records indicating that its VWAP algorithm routed certain buy-in orders as limit orders. UBS also identified its failure to fully enforce Rule 204’s “penalty box” only after a system malfunctioned.
